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Objective:To study the interaction effects between intestinal microflora features with serum inflammatory factors and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with first-episode untreated schizophrenia (SCZ).Methods:A total of 79 SCZ patients admitted to Suining Central Hospital from August 2016 to August 2019 were selected as observation group, and 60 healthy examiners were set as control group. The intestinal microflora, serum inflammatory factors and glucose metabolism indexes of the two groups were detected and compared. The correlation between intestinal microflora and inflammatory factors and HOMA-IR was analyzed.Results:The content of bifidobacteria in the observation group was lower than that in the control group while the content of bacteroides was higher than that in control group; the levels of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6] and in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); the level of HOMA-IR in the observation group was higher than that in control group ( P<0.05). The TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and HOMA-IR in SCZ patients were significantly negatively correlated with intestinal bifidobacteria content ( P<0.05), and were obviously positively correlated with bacteroides content ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In first-episode untreated SCZ, the content of bifidobacteria decreased and the content of bacteroides increased, and there was a significant correlation with inflammatory factors and HOMA-IR, which may lead to the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism and induce the occurrence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
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Objectives: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of ultra-low anastomosis for anal preservation in laparoscopic rectal can-cer surgery. Methods: The clinical data of 54 patients with low rectal cancer admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from July 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The short-term effect and complications were analyzed. Results:All patients underwent successful operations; conversion to laparotomy or death was not observed in any of the patients. The mean operative time was (165 ± 31) minutes, and the intraoperative bleeding volume was (12 ± 5) mL. There was no prophylactic ileostomy in all patients. Postoperative anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage occurred in 2 and 3 cases, respectively; these complica-tions were managed with conservative treatment. Postoperative urination and sexual functions of the patients remained good, and most patients were satisfied with their anal function 1 year post-operation. No local recurrences or deaths were noted after follow-up for more than 2 years. However, liver metastases were detected in 3 patients 1 year post-surgery. Conclusions: Laparoscopic transab-dominal ultra-low anastomosis for rectal cancer has a good short-term effect; however, the long-term effect remains to be evaluated.
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Objective To explore the short and long-term efficacy of extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE)vs.conventional abdominoperineal excision (APE)on distal rectal cancer.Methods Relevant studies were identified by search of Medline,EMBASE,and Web of Science published between January 1,2008 and February 28,2015,and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis with Stata software (version 12.0). Results Our Meta-analysis included 14 studies involving 3278 patients,of whom 1843 (56.2%)underwent ELAPE and 1435 (43.8%)underwent APE.Compared with patients undergoing APE,those undergoing ELAPE had a significantly reduced risk of intraoperative bowel perforation (IBP)involvement (OR=0 .55 ,95% CI= 0 .37-0 .85 ),but no significant reduction in the occurrence of CRM positivity (OR=0 .81 ,95% CI=0 .52-1 .25 ), local recurrence (LR)(OR=0.49,95% CI=0.18-1.30),wound complications (WCs)(OR=0.93,95% CI=0.65-1.35)or in-hospital death (IHD)(OR=0.89,95% CI=0.47-1.71).Conclusion ELAPE can reduce the risk of IBP but not for CRM positivity or LR when compared with APE.Therefore,more higher-quality studies are needed to verify the short-and long-term effects of ELAPE procedure on distal rectal cancer.
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ABSTRACT:Objective To study the effects of weight and anteroposterior diameter-to-transverse diameter ratio on establishing a model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)in rats without artificial ventilation and changes in left ventricular function after infarction.Methods Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into group A (200-250 g),group B (250 - 300 g),group C (> 300 g),and group D (control group).The left anterior descending (LAD)coronary artery was ligated to establish a model of myocardial infarction under spontaneous breathing condition immediately after thoracic lines were measured.And changes of electrocardiography were recorded after model establishment.At 2 and 4 weeks after AMI,we observed ventricular wall thickness and ventricular wall motion and measured the changes of cardiac function.Histomorphological changes and myocardial ultrastructure of the heart were observed under thoracotomy 2 weeks after operation.The above data were analyzed by SPSS13.0 statistics software.Results ① The first AMI rat model was established successfully after 30 times of experiments, and after 100 times the model’s success rate gradually stabilized at about 83%.② Group B and group C had a higher model success rate than group A (P 0.05).③ There was no association between the rate of rat thoracic line and modeling success rate (P >0.05). ④ Two weeks after thoracotomy,ischemic myocardial color was white,and ventricular wall motion decreased.HE staining revealed that cardiomyocytes disappeared and were replaced by fibrous tissues and collagen.Remnant cardiomyocytes were arranged disorderly and myofibers were fractured,with interstitial damage and hyperplasia of fibrous tissue.Visible muscle cells were sparse and dissolved,the mitochondria had darker staining,blurred cristae, and edema under electron microscopy. ⑤ Compared with group D, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after myocardial infarction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVEDs) increased (P <0.05),but EF values and heart rate dropped (P <0.05).Conclusion By this method,a model of AMI in rats can be established successfully and the heart function is changed.Under the condition of non-artificial ventilation,the weight of rats is an important factor for establishing AMI model.However,we have not confirmed the effect of thoracic lines on establishing AMI model yet.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the level of rational drug use in public hospitals at county level. METHODS:The relevant indicator data of rational drug use in our hospital was analyzed,and the relevant indicator data of the hos-pitals at county level around it was investigated and analyzed,a total of 36 parts of rational drug use management indicator system was established,including administrative management indicators,outpatient management indicators,hospital management indica-tors,and drug procurement management indicators,and it was constantly improved and optimized. Meanwhile,relevant indicator data of rational drug use from 2010 to 2014 was statistically analyzed to evaluate the effect of the effectiveness of the system. RE-SULTS:In the 5 years,the drug revenues accounted for revenue ratio(the ratio of drug)decreased by 10.3%;the use indicators of antibiotics in clinic showed gradual optimization,the proportion of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions decreased from 57.1% to 19.3%,the use rate of inpatient antibiotic decreased from 90.2% to 56.3%,the proportion of type I incision operation preventive use of antibiotics decreased from 94.6% to 28.6%,and the submission rate of microbiological sample of inpatients before they re-ceived the treatment of antibiotics increased from 8.4% to 32.7%;the proportion of essential medicines increased 25.5%,and pro-portion of use amount increased to 24.1%;the application of the system promoted the improvement of rational drug use and phar-macy management level in our hospital,and also helped the hospital successfully passed the national three class comprehensive hos-pital evaluation. CONCLUSIONS:The established rational drug use management indicator system is comprehensive and feasible, and can provide reference for strengthening rational drug use management and medical and health system decision in China.
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Objective To study the correlation of expression of DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ alpha (TOP2A)with expressions of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)and gene mutation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)in breast cancer so as to provide reference for prognosis of the cancer and evaluation of drug efficiency.Methods This study enrolled totally 96 breast cancer patients. Tumor specimens were resected.The gene expressions of TOP2A,HER2 and PTEN were analyzed using branched DNA-liquid-chip,and PI3K gene mutation was detected by xTAG-liquid-chip.Correlations between gene expressions and gene mutation were further explored by Spearman correlation analysis so as to clarify the relationship between TOP2A and HER2 signaling pathway gene.Results Co-expression of TOP2A and HER2 was strong,and TOP2A tended to be highly expressed in the presence of high expression of HER2 (P =0.01).The expression of PTEN was not significantly correlated with the expression of TOP2A,whereas the mutation of PI3K had a positive association with the high expression of TOP2A (P =0.004).Conclusion Anthracycline drug resistance factor TOP2A may be related to the critical factors of HER2 signaling pathway,suggesting that HER2 expression and PI3K mutation may be key factors in regulation of TOP2A expression,which would provide important evidence for chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Objective To compare the incidence of C5 nerve root palsy after laminoplasty and laminectomy with internal fixation for treating multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM).Methods From January 2008 to August 2012,98 patients with MCSM were treated with laminoplasty (47 patients,group A) or laminectomy (51 patients,group B) with internal fixation.All the patients were followed up for 13-56(26.5 ± 7.9) months.In both groups,Cobb's method was applied to measure cervical lordotic angle,and Ishihara's method was conducted to measure cervical curvature index (CCI) before and after operation.The incidence of C5 nerveroot palsy was recorded and compared.Results The incidence of C5 nerve root palsy in group A was 2.1％ (1/47),while 21.6 ％ (11/51) in group B (x2 =5.430,P ＜ 0.05).The JOA scores in group A and group B before and after operation and improvement rate of JOA scores had no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).The cervical lordotic angle and CCI in group A and group B before and after operation had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The improvement rate of CCI between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).All of 11 patients with C5 nerve root palsy were group B 1,and other 40 patients were group B2.The improvement rate of CCI in group B1 was significantly higher than that in group B2 [(38.7 ± 18.3)％ vs.(22.1 ± 12.1)％](t =1.772,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with laminoplasty,laminectomy with internal fixation has a higher incidence of C5 nerve root palsy.The C5 nerve root palsy may be associated with postoperative increase of cervical lordosis angle.Moreover,tethering of the C5 root may he one of its important pathomechanisms.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness of IL-10 in suppressing 18F-FDG uptake in the inflammatory granuloma of SD rats.@*METHODS@#Eight SD rats were killed, and their blood was collected sterily. After centrifugion, the white blood cells were incubated in PRMI 1640 for 3 days. Then each culture flask of white blood cells was divided into two equal parts. To one group was added 0.2 mL IL-10 solution (0.1 mg/mL); to the control was added with 0.2 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. All cells were then incubated for 120 minutes at 37 degree, after which 18F-FDG (1.85 MBq) was added. Sixty minutes later, the cells were washed twice with PBS and the extent of uptake 18F-FDG determined. In vivo, an inflammatory granuloma was produced by hypodermic injection of rats with a mixture of Freund's complete adjuvant, bovine serum albumin and talcum powder. Each rat was maintained for 8 weeks. Imaging of the inflammatory granulomas was performed using the 18F-FDG signal. IL-10 was injected into SD rats at 10 μg/kg of body weight. Sixty minutes later, 7.4 MBq of 18F-FDG were injected, and, after a further 60 minutes, the rats underwent a PET-CT scan. The region of interest (ROI) of the inflammatory granuloma was delineated and the standard uptake value (SUV) calculated. A second PET-CT scan was done without IL-10 on the next day. The granulomatous tissue underwent pathological examination.@*RESULTS@#In the intro test, the with blood cell uptaking ratio of 18F-FDG was (50.3±6.7)% without IL-10, and (34.6±3.5)% with IL-10(t=8.9, P<0.01). IL-10 suppressed the rat white blood cell uptaking 18F-FDG. In the PET-CT scan, the SUV of ROI on inflammatory granuloma was 1.7±0.4 with IL-10 and 2.1±0.3 without IL-10 (t=20.6, P<0.01). IL-10 suppressed the inflammatory granuloma uptaking 18F-FDG.@*CONCLUSION@#IL-10 can suppress the inflammatory granuloma of SD rats uptaking 18F-FDG.
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Pharmacokinetics , Freund's Adjuvant , Granuloma , Metabolism , Interleukin-10 , Pharmacology , Lung Diseases , Metabolism , Radiopharmaceuticals , Pharmacokinetics , Serum Albumin, BovineABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo determine the role of mammary ductoscopy in the evaluation and intraductal therapy for nipple discharge.MethodsIn this study 3280 patients with nipple discharge underwent mammary ductoscopy. Ductoscopy revealed space occupying lesions in 1018 patients who subsequently underwent surgery; 2260 patients with no-space occupying lesion underwent ductoscopically guided duct lavage.ResultsSpace occupying lesion was often seen in patients with bloody discharge,single duct nipple discharge,discharge in unilateral breast and lesions located in general or levelⅠ - Ⅱ duct.Non-bloody discharge,multiple duct with nipple discharge and bilateral breast involved and lesions at multi-level ducts were common in patients with no-space occupying lesions. Ductoscopically guided duct lavage was curative in 88.72％ among 2260 cases undergoing lavage.ConclusionsSpace occupying lesion should be suspected in patients with bloody discharge,single duct nipple discharge and unilateral breast involving lesion and lesions located in the general or level Ⅰ - Ⅱ duct system;Mammary ductoscopy is useful tool in the intraductal therapy for non-space occupying lesions.
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Objective To explore the risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage after resection of rectal cancer in China. Methods By meta-analysis we made a comprehensive analysis of the risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage after resection of rectal cancer based on 19 articles published in China between January 1999 and January 2009. Results The anastomotic leakage rate was higher in the patients aged 60 years old and above than in those younger, with the combined odds ratio (OR) value being 0.50 (95% CI: 0.33-0.76) (P<0.01). The incidence rate was higher in the male patients than in the female ones, with the combined OR value being 2.17 (95% CI: 1.38-3.42) (P<0.01). The incidence rate in the patients with the distance of tumor from the lower margin to anal verge being 7cm and shorter was higher than that with longer distance, with the combined OR value being 1.79 (95% CI: 1.37-2.35) (P<0.01). The incidence rate in the patients who had received radiotherapy preoperatively was higher than that in those who had not, with the combined OR value of 3.66 (95% CI: 2.19-6.09) (P<0.01). The incidence rate in the patients who had received stapler anastomosis was higher than that in the patients who had received manual anastomosis, with the combined OR value being 0.70 (95% CI: 0.47-1.05), but there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). The incidence rate was higher in the patients with diabetes mellitus than in the healthy ones, with the combined OR value being 3.16 (95% CI: 2.27-4.39) (P<0.01). The incidence rate was lower in the patients with Dukes A and B stages than in those with Dukes C and D stages, with the combined OR value being 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45-0.83) (P<0.01). The incidence rate in the patients with high malignance degree in clinicopathological types was higher than that with low malignance degree, with the combined OR value being 2.17 (95% CI: 1.38-3.42) (P<0.01). The incidence rate was lower in the patients who had received preventive colostomy than in those who had not, with the combined OR value being 0.39 (95% CI: 0.14-1.05), but there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). The incidence rate was higher in the patients who had got selective operation than in those who had got emergency operation, with the combined OR value being 0.27 (95% CI: 0.13-0.56). Conclusion The risk factors of anastomotic leakage after resection of rectal cancer are as follows: 60 years old and above, male patients, diabetes mellitus, preoperative neo-adjuvant radiotherapy, the distance of tumor from the lower margin to the anal verge being shorter than 7cm, Dukes C and D stages, high malignance degree in clinicopathological types, and emergency operation.
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Objective To evaluate the value of MSCT perfusion imaging in assessment of single renal function of hydronephrotic kidney.Methods 64-slice spiral CT perfusion was performed in 36 obstructive nephrohydrosis patients whose split renal glomerular filtration rate(GFR) was measured by SPECT renal dynamic imaging. ①The perfusion parameters of the renal cortex and renal medulla of the hydronephrotic kidney were compared with the normal kidney studied by contrast group. ②The 72 kidneys were divided into normal renal function, mild and severe renal impairment groups according to renal function. Differences between the groups respect to all the mean perfusion parameters of the renal cortex and renal medulla were assesses by ANOVA. ③Using Pearsons correlation test, the correlations between all the mean perfusion parameters of the renal cortex and renal medulla and renal GFR were examined.Results ① The time-density curves of bilateral normal renal cortex and medulla were not symmetric. The mean BF, BV, PS, PBV of renal cortex were (203. 2±44.9)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1), (27.6±3.9)ml/100 ml, (30.7±6.5)ml·100 ml~(-1)· min~(-1), (46.5±10. 9)ml/100 ml; and the mean BF, BV, PS, PBV of renal medulla were (99.9±24.1)ml·100 ml~(-1)·min~(-1) ,(18. 3±4.3)ml/100 ml, (51.8±12.1)ml · 100 ml~(-1)· min~(-1) , (21.3±3.0)ml/100 ml. The mean perfusion parameters of the cortex and medulla of obstructed kidney were lower compared to that of normal kidney. ②There were significant differences of all the perfusion parameters of the renal cortex and me-dulla between 3 groups (P<0. 05). ③The perfusion parameters of the renal cortex and medulla had positive linear correlation with GFR. The best correlation was the blood flow of the cortex of kidney. The correlation coefficient r=0.852.Conclusions64-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging can quantita-tively evaluate the haemodynamic condition and functional lesion of the kidney, classify the impaired kidney function. The perfusion parameters of the renal cortex and medulla had positive linear correlation with GFR.
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valuating the unilateral renal function of hydronephresis.
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Objective To investigate the operative methods and their efficacy of the modified decompressive craniectomy in combination with indirect revascularization for the treatment of massive cerebral infarction. Methods The clinical data of 15 patients with massive cerebral infarction who underwent modified decompressive craniectomy in combination with encephaloduroarteriomyosynangiosis were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical efficacy was assessed according to the mortality, Barthel Index and modified Rankin scale. Results All the patients were followed up, and 12 patients survived 3 months after operation, of those, 4 had a good functional outcome; 11 patients survived 6 month after operation, of those, 7 had a good functional outcome. Conclusions The modified decompressive craniectomy in combination with indirect revascularization for the treatment of massive cerebral infarction could effectively treat massive cerebral infarction and increase the survival rate and life quality of patients, however, the surgical timing, surgical indications and surgical skills are needed to master accurately.
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Objective Benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic, geldanamycin (GA), is a new anticancer agent that could inhibit Hsp90 by occupying its NH2-terminal ATP-binding site. This study was to investigate the antitumor efficacy of GA on Her2/neu tyrosine kinase overexpressing human breast cancer cell line SKBr3. Methods The degradation of Her2/neu tyrosine kinase was analyzed by Western blotting, the proliferation index was determined by MTT assay,cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry, Cyclin D1 mRNA transcription was measured by RT-PCR and real-time PCR, and cell motility was evaluated by the cell culture insert model. Results GA induced a dose- and a time-dependent degradation of the Her2/neu tyrosine kinase protein and concurrently, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. The antitumor effects mediated by GA included: GA treatment decreased the survival rates of cancer cells,and led to a dase-dependent G1 arrest. Furthermore, this antitumor effect was proved to be related to declined transcription of Cyclin D1. Concurrently, the motility of cancer cells was reduced by GA. Conclusion GA treatment could induce the degradation of Her2/neu tyrnsine kinase efficiently, inhibit cancer cell proliferation and reduce motility in Her2/nen tyrosine kinase overexpressed human breast cancer cell line SKBr3.
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BACKGROUND: Reading disorder is the main obstacle in children, but its etiology and pathogenesis are still uncovered.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between brain blood flow (BBF)and scores for children reading skill detecting test (CRSDT), in order to provide theoretical references for earlier intervention and functional monitoring for children with reading disorder(RD).DESIGN: Comparative observation study with RD children as subjects and normal children as controlSETTING: Nuclear medicine and psychological-health institute of a university.PARTICIPANTS: This study was carried out in Nuclear Medicine and Psychological-health Institute of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Between August 1998 and August 1999, 25 children with RD were screened out from the students from grade 3 to grade 6 in two Changsha civic elementary schools, including 15 males and 10 females aged(10±1)teacher lasted for more than one year and began from the earlier stage of school age(before grade three), with their achievement ranked last or often failed in examinations, even stay in the same grade due to learning disorder;and teacher or investigation of their homework accorded to the ICD-10 didiseases. Meanwhile 20 healthy children with normal intelligence were randomly selected as control group from the same class of RD children,including 12 males and 8 females with age of (10 ± 1 )years.METHODS: Non blood sampling-SPECT images was used for detecting cerebral blood flow(CBF), as well as right and left CBF and regional CBF (rCBF) of both RD children and normal controls. Rough scores for CRSDT were obtained for analyzing the relationship between it and CBF.group .RESULTS: CBF was(388.7 ± 37.7) μL/g per minute in RD group obviously lower than(436.5 ± 26.4) μL/g per minute in control gruop( t = 2. 820, P ＜ 0.01 ) ;The distribution frequency of regions with obviously decreased rCBF ranked as follows: frontal lobe, occipital lobe ＞ parietal-occipital boundary ＞ temporal lobe ＞ parietal lobe ＞ thalamus ＞ other regions(cerebellum,brain stem and basal ganglion) in RD children; moreover rough scores for reading skill was found positively correlated with CBF in RD group( r = 0.651,P ＜0.05).CONCLUSION: CBF was proved decreased in children with RD, and CBF obtained by SPECT image and CRSDT can be used for reflecting the severity of disease and brain function, expecting to improve their long-term life quality of RD children by earlier intervention.
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Objective To investigate ectopic expression of key elements of Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway,including E-cadherin,?-catenin and Cyclin D1,as well as the relationship between ectopic expression of ?-catenin and overexpression of Her2 in human breast carcinoma tissues.Methods Immunohistochemical technique(Elivision) was used to detect the expression of Her2 and three elements of Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway(?-catenin,E-cadherin,Cyclin D1) in 90 samples of human breast carcinoma.Results In E-cadherin normally-expressed group,the ectopic expression rate of ?-catenin(27.3%) was significantly lower than that(75.0%) in E-cadherin negative breast carcinoma;in ?-catenin ectopic expression group,overexpression rate of Cyclin D1(83.3%) was significantly higher than that(40.7%) in the other group.In Her2 overexpressed-breast carcinoma tissue,the ectopic expression rate of ?-catenin(73.5%) was significantly higher than that(19.6%) in Her2 negative breast carcinoma.Her2 overexpression could coexist with ectopic expression of Wnt/?-catenin in promoting axillary lymph node metastasis in human breast carcinoma.Conclusion Ectopic expression of Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway does exist in some human breast carcinoma tissues,and the abnormal expression correlates with overexpression of Her2.Furthermore,the instantaneous activation of them could present synergism in promoting metastasis of axillary lymph nodes.
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Objective To discuss the value of radiation dose reduction with directed digital radiography application in chest X-ray. Methods Patients were in posterior-anterior standing posture for test. To compare DR exposure parameters with traditional roentgenography in the same exposure condition of 125 kVp, automatic mAs, 180cm focus-film distance. Patients' thoracic thickness was 22-25cm. Results DR can reduce exposure dose by 44.2%. Conclusion Directed digital radiography can improve the quality of chest images,make working flow more reasonable, enhance the working efficiency and reduce patient's x-ray dose as well.
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Objective To evaluate the identification successful rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) with breast cancer and the accuracy to predict axillary lymph node status in different vital blue dyes.Methods 94 patients with breast cancer were recruited for the study between Oct. 1999 and Apr. 2001, of whom 32 and 62, respectively, were injected 0.028mmol*L-1 Methylene blue and 0.018mmol*L-1 Patent blue violet in breast parenchyma surrounding the primary tumor to identify SLN.All 94 patients underwent the axillary lymph node dissection.Results For Methylene blue group and Patent blue violet group, SLN identification successful rates were 65.6% (21/32) and 88.7% (55/62) (P=0.012) and accuracy rate to predict axillary lymph node status were 90.5% (19/21) and 98.2% (54/55) (P=0.183), respectively.Conclusion In identifying SLN,Patent blue violet is more ideal vital blue dye than Methylene blue, whereas the accuracy rate to predict axillary lymph node status had no significant difference.
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Objective To analyse the clinical value of bronchial artery embolization in treatment of massive hemoptysis.Methods 87 patients with hemoptysis included bronchiectasis in 46 cases,pulmonary tuberculaosis in 18 cases,bronchial carcinoma in 15 cases,bronchial arteriovenous malformation in 2 cases and unknown hemoptysis in 6 cases underwent embolized treatment of bronchial arteriography or intercostal arteriography.Of them,bronchial artery embolization were performed in 78 cases,intercostal artery embolization were done in 6 cases,both embolization of bronchial artery and intercostal artery were in 3 cases,2 cases underwent superselective embolization with coaxial microcatheter.In the total 87 cases,gelatin sponge particles(GSP) alone was used in 85 cases,GSP and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) were used in 2 cases.All the patients were followed up for 12~18 months.Results The hemoptysis was immediately stopped in 58 cases, remarkable improvement were 19 cases after operation. Recurrence of hemoptysis was found in five, three and two cases at one, two and four weeks respectively after embolization. All of the ten recurred cases accepted re-embolization and hemoptysis had been well controlled. The effective rate was 89%(77/87). There was not any severe complication in all the patients.Conclusion Bronchial artery embolization is a safe, effective and less invasive method in treatment of massive hemoptysis. It can be recommended to the non-surgical treatment patients.
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Objectives: To investigate the characteristics and their functional significance of TMJ disc and its attachment. Methods: Each of the 23 TMJs from 12 cadavers were divided into quadrants sagitall y, and total 92 histological slices were obtained and stained with HE.The morpho logical characteristics of the samples was observed microscopically. Results: ①Both temporal posterior and anterior mandibualr attachment s were loose while mandibular posterior and anterior temporal attachments were d ense in which the fibers run anterior posteriorly. ②Fibers in the intermediate zone ran predominantly in anterior posterior direction while those in both ant erior and posterior bands were mixed with transverse fibers. ③At the posterior portion of disc there were 33 out of 92 slices from 6/12 cadavers (11/23 TMJs) s howed the structure of "the fourth band" which was featured by dense fibers alik e those of inner disc. There were 36 out of 92 slices from 6/12 cadavers (10/23 TMJs) showed the structure of "turned fibers" which was featured by a sudden tu rning of fibers from the thick posterior band back and downward, providing an angle like sign. Conclusions: There is great difference o f fiber direction in various parts of disc and its attachments, reflecting the functional demands.